Question 4
1. The NGT has been established by an Act whereas the CPCB has been created by an executive order of the Government.
2. The NGT provides environmental justice and helps reduce the burden of litigation in the higher courts whereas the CPCB promotes cleanliness of streams and wells, and aims to improve the quality of air in the country.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
AOptions
BSolution
Statement 1 is incorrect: Both the National Green Tribunal (NGT) and the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) are statutory bodies established by Acts of Parliament. The NGT was established by the National Green Tribunal Act, 2010. The CPCB was constituted under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, and subsequently entrusted with functions under the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981. Neither was created by an executive order.
Statement 2 is correct: The NGT's primary objective is to provide effective and expeditious environmental justice, dealing with cases related to environmental protection and conservation, thereby reducing the burden of environmental litigation in higher courts. The CPCB's main functions, as outlined in its founding acts, include promoting cleanliness of streams and wells by preventing and controlling water pollution, and improving the quality of air by preventing, controlling, and abating air pollution.
CStrategy
When comparing two institutions or bodies, focus on their foundational basis (e.g., Act of Parliament, Constitutional provision, Executive order) and their core functions and mandates. Understanding the 'why' and 'how' of their establishment, along with their primary responsibilities, helps in distinguishing between them.
DSyllabus Analysis
This question pertains to Environment and Ecology (Environmental Law and Institutions) and Indian Polity (Statutory Bodies and their mandates).
EQuestion Analysis
Medium. It requires specific knowledge about the legal origins and functions of two important environmental bodies in India.